| Antibiotic resistance | Antibiotic resistance | Antibiotic resistance | A | English | Infectious Diseases | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | Body | Immune system | Drug treatment | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | NA | | 2015-06-29T04:00:00Z | | Sarah Lord, MD;Shaun Morris, MD, MPH, FRCPC, FAAP, DTM&H | | | | 12.0000000000000 | 37.0000000000000 | 651.000000000000 | | Health (A-Z) - Conditions | Health A-Z | <p>Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health concern. Learn what it is, what causes it and how you can prevent it.</p> | <h2>What are antibiotics?</h2>
<p>Infections can be caused by bacteria (germs), viruses, parasites or <a href="/Article?contentid=794&language=English">fungi</a>. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, such as <a href="/Article?contentid=784&language=English">pneumonia</a> or a <a href="/Article?contentid=935&language=English">urinary tract infection</a>. Antibiotics do not help to treat viral infections such as the <a href="/Article?contentid=12&language=English">common cold</a>, a viral cough or <a href="/Article?contentid=763&language=English">influenza (the flu)</a>.</p>
<h2>What is antibiotic resistance?</h2>
<p>Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in a way that causes antibiotics to become less effective or to not work at all. <br></p> | <h2>How does antibiotic resistance happen?</h2>
<p>When bacteria come in contact with an antibiotic or antibacterial, the weaker bacteria die, but stronger ones survive. When the strong bacteria multiply, more and more strong bacteria are produced that are resistant to the antibiotic. </p>
<p>Bacteria become stronger when they change, which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics. For example, some bacteria can break down antibiotics or prevent the antibiotic from attaching to the site it needs to work. </p>
<p>Bacteria can change more than once so that they are resistant to several antibiotics. This makes some bacteria very hard to kill.</p>
<h2>Why is antibiotic resistance a problem?</h2>
<p>Antibiotic resistance is a problem because we need antibiotics to treat bacterial infections that our bodies need help to get rid of. </p>
<p>When bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, doctors have a hard time finding other antibiotics that will work to kill the bacteria. This means that if your child gets an infection from antibiotic-resistant bacteria, they can become very sick and more difficult to treat. </p> | <h2>Key points</h2>
<ul>
<li>Most infections like the common cold or flu are caused by viruses and should not be treated with antibiotics.</li>
<li>Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem that causes people to have infections that are difficult to treat.</li>
<li>Using antibiotics properly, including the right antibiotic at the right dose for the right person can help prevent antibiotic resistance.</li>
<li>Plain soaps and household cleaners are safer and just as effective as antibacterial ones for use at home.</li>
<li>Disposing of antibiotics properly (not in the water supply) is important to help stop the problem of antibiotic resistance.</li>
</ul> | | | <h2>Causes of antibiotic resistance</h2>
<p>Antibiotic resistance happens for many reasons. One reason is because antibiotics are used when they should not be, such as:</p>
<ul>
<li>Taking an antibiotic when it is not needed (such as to treat a viral illness).</li>
<li>Taking the wrong antibiotic or the wrong dose.</li>
<li>Stopping an antibiotic too soon.</li>
<li>Using an antibiotic that was prescribed for somebody else.</li>
</ul>
<p>Antibacterial cleaning products that are used in the home, such as household cleaners or bath products, can also lead to antibiotic resistance. Studies have shown that plain soap is just as good at killing bacteria in the home as products labeled antibacterial. In addition, giving animals antibiotics to promote growth or prevent illness can generate resistance in animal bacteria that can later be transmitted to humans. </p> | | | | | | <h2>Prevention of antibiotic resistance</h2>
<p>The following are ways that you can help prevent antibiotic resistance:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ask your doctor if antibiotics are the right treatment for your child.</li>
<li>If your child needs antibiotics, always give them the full dose that is prescribed.</li>
<li>Give your child the full course of antibiotics even if they feel better before the antibiotics are finished.</li>
<li>Give antibiotics only to the child for whom they were prescribed.</li>
<li>If you have old antibiotics leftover in your house, take them to a medicine disposal program if there is one available in your area.</li>
<li>Use plain soaps and household cleaners instead of ones that are labeled as antibacterial.</li>
</ul> | | <h2>Safe disposal of antibiotics</h2><p>Antibiotics that end up in our water supply make the problem of antibiotic resistance worse. This usually happens if antibiotics are flushed down the toilet or poured down the sink. </p><p>Many pharmacies have drug take-back programs. If possible, return your unused over-the-counter and prescription drugs to your pharmacy. If your pharmacy does not have a drug take-back program check with your municipality about how to dispose of hazardous household waste, including over-the-counter and prescription drugs.</p> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Oral_Med_pills_liquid_EQUIP_ILL_EN.jpg | | | |
| Sleep tips: How to help your teen get a good night's sleep | Sleep tips: How to help your teen get a good night's sleep | Sleep tips: How to help your teen get a good night's sleep | S | English | Adolescent | Teen (13-18 years) | NA | NA | Healthy living and prevention | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | NA | | 2016-07-18T04:00:00Z | | Samantha Metler, MA;Suneeta Monga, MD, FRCPC;Indra Narang MBBCH, MD, FRCPCH | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Flat Content | Health A-Z | <p>Find out how to encourage your teen to maintain their own healthy sleep routine and help them develop healthy habits.<br></p> | <p>As your child gets older, they may not want you to be as involved in their bedtime routine. However, it is still important to make sure your teen is
<a href="/Article?contentid=645&language=English">getting enough sleep each night</a>.</p> | | <h2>Key points</h2>
<ul>
<li>Your teen's body clock will likely make them fall asleep later at night and wake up later during the day. Help your teen keep a regular routine by reminding them how much sleep they need every night and when they should be in bed.</li>
<li>Remind your teen to eat a balanced diet and get some physical activity instead of turning to sugar, caffeine or energy drinks to cope with tiredness during the day.</li>
<li>Before your teen goes to bed, encourage them to prepare their own breakfast, lay out their clothes and make a to-do list so they do not wake up feeling worried or stressed. </li>
<li> See a doctor if your teen is very sleepy during the day, you suspect a mental health condition that could interfere with their sleep or your child's poor sleep is interfering with their school performance. </li>
</ul> | <h2>Support your teen in sticking to a sleep schedule</h2><p>Most young people experience changes in their sleep schedules as they get older. Let your teen take charge of their own bedtime, but provide guidance if necessary. For instance, be clear about how many hours of sleep your teen should have each night and when you expect them to be in bed.</p><p>In addition, encourage your teen to keep to regular bedtimes and wake up times on weekdays and weekends.</p><h2>Help your teen develop healthy habits</h2><p>Advise your teen to avoid eating a large meal or drinking a lot right before bedtime. It is especially important for your teen to avoid coffee, tea, soda or pop, energy drinks and chocolate a few hours before bed. Caffeine and sugar tell your teen’s brain to stay up even later than usual. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol will also interfere with their sleep.</p><p>Your teen's internal body clock can make them fall asleep later at night and wake up later in the day. You cannot change this, but you can encourage your teen to take part in <a href="/Article?contentid=641&language=English">physical activities</a> to help overcome sleepiness during the day.</p><p>Discourage them from resorting to supplements or energy drinks to get them through any energy dips during the day. No pills, vitamins or drinks can replace good sleep.</p><p>If your teen hears their friends talking about their "all nighters", remind them how good they feel after they get enough sleep. Staying up late to study does not usually help much. In fact, it will usually leave your teen too tired to concentrate properly the next day.</p><p>A drowsy driver is as dangerous as a drunk driver, causing many accidents each year. Advise your teen to call someone else for a ride if they ever feel sleepy before or during a journey.</p><h2>Create a relaxing bedtime routine</h2><p>If your teen is having trouble sleeping at night, encourage them to take some deep relaxing breaths, focusing on their breath as it goes in and out. Deep breathing for five to 10 minutes may help your teen become more relaxed and sleepy.</p><p>If your teen feels wide awake at bedtime, make sure their activities are relaxing to help make them more sleepy. Encourage your teen to go for a short walk before bed, practise yoga, do some light stretching, read a book or write in a journal.</p><h2>Create a comfortable sleep environment</h2><p>Make sure your teen’s mattress and pillow offer good support to their spine and that their room is cool and dark enough.</p><p>Encourage your teen to have a glass of water nearby so they do not need to get out of bed if they are thirsty during the night.</p><p>Keep the bed for sleeping only. Discourage your teen from doing their homework or using a computer in bed. These activities can cause your child to link bedtime with stress or active thinking when they are trying to sleep.</p><p>Avoid having a television, computer, tablet or cell phone in the bedroom. Watching television or using a
<a href="/Article?contentid=643&language=English">computer, tablet</a> or phone at night can stimulate the brain rather than relax it. In addition, your teen may get into the habit of turning on the television or checking their phone if they cannot stay asleep during the night.</p><p>Similarly, keep noise to a minimum after bedtime so your teen can get a good night’s sleep (although your teen may stay up later than you).</p><h2>Tips for a happier morning</h2><p>Get your teen in the habit of planning their breakfast for the next morning before bed. This could be as simple as cutting up some fruit or making a breakfast wrap that they can quickly grab in the morning.</p><p>Encourage your teen to take a shower before bed if they have trouble waking up early to bathe. Warm water can make your teen sleepy at night. Getting their shower out of the way also lets them hit the snooze button for a bit longer in the morning.</p><p>Remind your teen to pack their backpack and lay out their clothes the night before. At night there is more time to look for missing homework or that favourite t-shirt that might still be in the washing machine.</p><p>Suggest that your teen keep a diary or a to-do list for the next day. If they jot notes down before they go to sleep, they will be less likely to wake up feeling worried or stressed.</p><p>Let your teen choose an alarm clock that wakes them up in the morning. Ask them when is the absolute latest time they need to wake up in the morning and calmly wake them if they are still asleep then.</p><h2>When to see a doctor about your teen’s sleep</h2><p>Take your teenager to a doctor if:</p><ul><li>they are excessively sleepy during the day</li><li>you suspect they might have
<a href="/Article?contentid=271&language=English">anxiety</a>,
<a href="/Article?contentid=19&language=English">depression</a> or any other mental health concern</li><li>you or your teen have any other concerns about sleep or daytime performance, especially if you think it is affecting their grades at school.<br></li></ul> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <h2>Further information</h2><p>For more tips on maintaining your child's mental health, please see the following pages:</p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=642&language=English">Physical activity: Guidelines for children and teens</a></p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=641&language=English">Physical activity: Benefits of exercise for health and wellbeing</a></p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=645&language=English">Sleep: Benefits and recommended amounts</a></p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=646&language=English">Sleep tips: How to help your child get a good night's sleep</a></p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=643&language=English">Screen time: Overview</a></p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=644&language=English">Screen time: How to help your child set healthy limits</a></p><p>
<a href="/Article?contentid=639&language=English">Nutrition: How a balanced diet and healthy eating habits can support your child's mental health</a><br></p> | <h2>Resources</h2><p>National Sleep Foundation (2016).
<em>
<a target="_blank" href="https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-topics/teens-and-sleep">Teens and sleep</a></em>.</p> | <img alt="" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/sleep_tips_how_to_help_your_teen.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" /> | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/sleep_tips_how_to_help_your_teen.jpg | Sleep tips for teens | | |
| Osteoporosis: Managing bone pain | Osteoporosis: Managing bone pain | Osteoporosis: Managing bone pain | O | English | Metabolic | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | Body | Bones | Non-drug treatment | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | NA | | 2013-12-17T05:00:00Z | | Anne Murphy, RN | | | | 8.00000000000000 | 66.0000000000000 | 452.000000000000 | | Health (A-Z) - Procedure | Health A-Z | <p>Bone pain is one of the most challenging aspects of osteoporosis. Learn about the different ways that bone pain can be treated.</p> | <p>Bone pain is one of the most challenging aspects of
<a href="/Article?contentid=948&language=English">osteoporosis</a> for children, families and even health-care providers. Some children with osteoporosis will have bone pain often, but others might only have pain when they fracture a bone.</p><p>Sometimes it can be very difficult to decide if your child's
pain is related to their bones or has another cause. Always discuss your child's pain with their bone health doctor or nurse.<br></p> | | <h2>Key points</h2>
<ul>
<li>A child with osteoporosis can have pain for many different reasons. Always discuss your child's bone pain with a health-care provider.</li>
<li>Bone pain can be treated with over-the-counter medications, hot and cold compresses, movement and proper footwear.</li>
<li>You can also help your child take their mind off their pain by using their imagination or relaxing their muscles.</li>
</ul> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <h2>Over-the-counter medications</h2>
<ul>
<li>Your child's doctor or nurse may recommend that your child try over-the-counter pain medications such as <a href="/Article?contentid=62&language=English">acetaminophen</a> or <a href="/Article?contentid=153&language=English">ibuprofen</a>.</li>
<li>Follow the instructions on the box or ask your pharmacist for help when giving pain medications to your child.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Heat and cold</h2>
<ul>
<li>Switch between hot and cold compresses on the area of bone pain. You can buy products to make hot and cold compresses in a pharmacy or grocery store. Or, if you prefer, you can make compresses yourself by soaking a cloth in hot or cold water and sealing it inside a plastic bag.</li>
<li>Always wrap the compress in a towel before applying it to your child's skin. Leave it on for a maximum of 15 minutes at a time.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Movement</h2>
<ul>
<li>Encourage your child to be <a href="/Article?contentid=1969&language=English">active</a> and move around as much as they can. This helps their blood flow and encourages their muscles to support their bones.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Proper footwear</h2>
<ul>
<li>Active children can have bone pain after a lot of exercise. Make sure your child wears <a href="/Article?contentid=1947&language=English">proper running shoes</a> with good support to reduce the risk of pain in their heels, shins or knees.</li>
<li>If your child still has heel, shin or knee pain when they are active, try using a gel insert inside their shoes to provide extra cushioning and support. You can buy these at your local pharmacy or sports store.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Distraction and relaxation</h2>
<ul>
<li>Encourage your child to do something they enjoy - this can help distract them from the pain.</li>
<li>Let your child <a href="/article?contentid=1259&language=English">use their imagination</a> to take their mind off their pain, for example by picturing a favourite situation or memory. Having your child describe the scene using all their senses focuses their attention on something other than their pain.</li>
<li>Your child can also use muscle <a href="/article?contentid=1259&language=English">relaxation</a> to ease pain. This involves tensing and relaxing specific groups of muscles before moving on to the next group. It can be done with audio guidance.</li>
</ul> | | | | | | | <h2>Sources</h2>
<p>National Institute of Health (2013). <a href="http://www.bones.nih.gov/">Publications on bone health, osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta</a>.</p>
<p>College of Family Physicians of Canada (2011). <a href="http://www.cfpc.ca/ProjectAssets/Templates/Resource.aspx?id=3523">Osteoporosis information for patients</a>.</p>
<p>International Osteoporosis Foundation (2013). <a href="http://www.iofbonehealth.org/content-type-semantic-meta-tags/bone-health-brochures">Bone health brochures</a></p>
<p>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation (2013). <a href="http://www.oif.org/site/DocServer/med_guide.pdf?docID=4501">Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Guide for Medical Professionals, Individuals and Families affected by OI</a>.</p> | <img alt="" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/osteoporosis_managing_bone_pain.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" /> | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/osteoporosis_managing_bone_pain.jpg | | | |
| Pain-free injections in children over one year of age | Pain-free injections in children over one year of age | Pain-free injections in children over one year of age | P | English | Pain/Anaesthesia | Toddler (13-24 months);Preschooler (2-4 years);School age child (5-8 years);Pre-teen (9-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | Body | Nervous system | Non-drug treatment | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | NA | | 2013-11-11T05:00:00Z | | Anna Taddio, BScPhm, MSc, PhD | | | | 9.00000000000000 | 61.0000000000000 | 486.000000000000 | | Health (A-Z) - Procedure | Health A-Z | <p>Advice for parents on how to make injections as easy and pain-free as possible for their children older than one year of age.</p> | <em>For the page on pain-free injections in babies, click
<a href="/Article?contentid=989&language=English">here</a>.</em>
<p>Vaccinations will protect your child from harmful infectious diseases. Vaccines must be given with a needle, which causes pain; this experience can be stressful for both children and parents.</p><p>Below are some methods you can use to help reduce the pain and anxiety associated with having your child vaccinated. </p>
<div class="asset-video">
<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TGGDLhmqH8I?rel=0" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> | | <h2>Key points</h2>
<ul>
<li>Vaccines are given with a needle, which causes pain, this can be stressful for both children and parents.</li>
<li>There are methods you can use to help reduce the pain and anxiety your child feels when they have injections.</li>
<li>Before the injection or vaccination you can use a topical anaesthetics and distract your child. </li>
<li>During the injection or vaccination you can: hold your child; rub your child's skin; and stay calm. </li>
</ul> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <h2>Planning ahead</h2><br>
<h3>Talk to your doctor</h3><p>Before your child's vaccination appointment, discuss your plan for pain reduction with your doctor so they can support you in this plan. All of the information below is based on scientifically proven research done by experts at SickKids and across Canada.</p><h3>Talk to your child</h3><p>If your child is four years or older, help them to prepare for their vaccinations by discussing the procedure with them beforehand. </p><p>
<em>Topics you might want to cover: </em></p><ul><li>What is going to happen - "the doctor is going to use a needle to give you a vaccine in your arm"</li><li>Why they need to get a vaccine - "the vaccine will protect you from getting sick"</li><li>How it will feel - "it might feel like a little pinch"</li><li>What will be done to manage their pain - "we are going to play a game, so that you do not notice it very much"</li></ul> | <h2>During the vaccination</h2><h3>Hold your child</h3><p>Holding your child comfortably in your lap will help to calm them during their immunizations, and will also encourage them to stay still </p><h3>Rub your child's skin</h3><p>Rub your child's arm before, during, and after the vaccination. The sensation of touch from your hand, rubbing an area of the arm away from the injection site, will compete with the pain experienced from the needle. This will help to lessen your child's perception of pain. </p><h3>Stay calm</h3><p>If you are feeling anxious before and during your child's vaccination, your child is likely to pick up on these emotions. Even though you may feel stress related to vaccination, try your best to remain calm. Use your normal speaking voice, and take slow, deep breaths.</p><p>For more detailed information on the suggestions given above, please download the handout:
<a href="/En/HealthAZ/TestsAndTreatments/GivingMedication/Documents/Painfree%20Injections%20in%20Children%20over%201%20year%20EN.pdf">Pain-free injections in children over one year</a>.</p> | | | <h2>Before the vaccination</h2>
<h3>Use of topical anaesthetics</h3>
<p>Topical anaesthetic creams or gels may be applied to the area where your child will receive their vaccine, in order to reduce pain. In Canada, these products are available over the counter; they must be applied between 30 to 60 minutes prior to injection. It is important to discuss this option with your doctor, and to ensure that the anaesthetic gel or cream does not contain any ingredients that your child is allergic to.</p>
<h3>Distract your child</h3>
<p>Take with you any items that you can use to distract your child during their vaccination. These items might include favourite toys, mobile devices or bubbles. You can also sing, talk or tell jokes to distract them from any pain they might be experiencing. </p> | | | | | <img alt="" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/pain_free_injections_children.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" /> | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/pain_free_injections_children.jpg | Reducing vaccination pain | | |
| Pneumonia | Pneumonia | Pneumonia | P | English | Respiratory | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | Lungs | Lungs | Conditions and diseases | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | Abdominal pain;Cough;Fever;Vomiting | | 2013-11-28T05:00:00Z | | Elly Berger, BA, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, MHPE | | | | 7.00000000000000 | 67.0000000000000 | 498.000000000000 | | Health (A-Z) - Conditions | Health A-Z | <p>Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs and lower respiratory tract. Learn about the signs and symptoms and how to take care of your child. </p> | <h2>What is pneumonia?</h2><p>Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs. It may also be called a lower respiratory tract infection. Most cases of pneumonia are caused by viruses in children age three and younger. In older children and teenagers, most cases of pneumonia are caused by bacterial infections. A child could start out by having a viral pneumonia which then becomes complicated by a bacterial pneumonia.</p>
<figure class="asset-c-100"><span class="asset-image-title">Pneumonia</span>
<img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/akhassets/Pneumonia_XRAY_MEDIMG_PHO_EN.png" alt="An x-ray of normal left and right lungs and an x-ray of lungs with pneumonia in the right side" />
<figcaption class="asset-image-caption">In the lung with pneumonia, the affected part of the lung will appear white in a chest X-ray. The white shadow is caused by fluid in the lung's air sacs.</figcaption> </figure> | | <h2>Key points</h2>
<ul>
<li>Pneumonia is an infection deep in the lungs. It can be caused by viruses or bacteria.</li>
<li>If your child is given antibiotics, be sure to finish all of them, even if your child is feeling better.</li>
<li>Keep your child comfortable and give them lots of fluids.</li>
</ul> | | <h2>Signs and symptoms of pneumonia</h2><p>Pneumonia symptoms can vary greatly in children. Common signs and symptoms of pneumonia include:</p><ul><li>high and/or persistent <a href="/Article?contentid=30&language=English">fever</a></li><li>
<a href="/Article?contentid=774&language=English">cough</a></li><li>fast breathing</li><li>trouble breathing</li><li>crackly noises in the lung</li><li>loss of appetite</li><li>
<a href="/Article?contentid=746&language=English">vomiting</a> due to the cough or from swallowing mucus</li><li>feeling unwell</li><li>abdominal (belly) pain or chest pain</li></ul>
| | | | <h2>What your doctor can do for pneumonia</h2>
<p>Your doctor will listen to your child's lungs with the stethoscope and observe your child's breathing. If your doctor suspects pneumonia, your child may have a <a href="/article?contentid=1647&language=English">chest X-ray</a> to see what your child's lungs look like. Viral pneumonia does not need antibiotic treatment. If your doctor suspects a bacterial infection as a cause of the pneumonia, then your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Your child's doctor will look at many factors before deciding the best treatment.</p> | | <h2>Taking care of your child at home</h2>
<h3>Finish all antibiotics</h3>
<p>If your child was given antibiotics, they must finish all the pills or liquid , even if they are feeling better. This is important to prevent the infection from coming back and to decrease the chance of antibiotic resistance.</p>
<h3>Monitor and treat the fever</h3>
<p>To treat the fever or achy muscles, use <a href="/Article?contentid=62&language=English">acetaminophen</a> or <a href="/Article?contentid=153&language=English">ibuprofen</a>. You can give these medicines even if you child is also on antibiotics. They do not interact. DO NOT give your child <a href="/Article?contentid=77&language=English">acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)</a>.</p>
<h3>Keep your child fed and hydrated.</h3>
<p>Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids to stay <a href="/Article?contentid=776&language=English">hydrated</a>. Your child may not want to eat much at first. Once the infection begins to clear and your child starts to feel better, they will want to eat more.</p>
<h3>Avoid smoky places</h3>
<p>Keep your child away from smoke and other lung irritants.</p>
<h3>Cough symptoms</h3>
<p>Your child's cough may get worse before it gets better. As the pneumonia goes away, your child will cough to get rid of the mucus. The cough may continue for two to three weeks.</p> | | <h2>When to see a doctor</h2><h3>See your child's regular doctor if:</h3><ul><li>Your child's cough lasts for more than three to four days and is not improving</li><li>Your child has a fever for more than two to three days</li><li>Your child's fever lasts more than three days after starting antibiotics<br></li></ul><h3>Take your child to the nearest Emergency Department, or call 911 if your child:</h3><ul><li>has difficulty breathing</li><li>becomes very pale or blue in the lips</li><li>vomits antibiotic doses or will not take fluid</li><li>appears more sick<br></li></ul><h2>Hospital admission if needed</h2><p>Most children can be cared for at home. Very sick children may need to go to the hospital. They may need oxygen and other medicines. They may need antibiotics given intravenously (into a vein) at first, and then by mouth as they get better.</p> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <img alt="" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/pneumonia.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" /> | | | | | | pneumonia | pneumonia | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/pneumonia.jpg | | | |
