Osteopenia is a decrease in bone density and ultimately bone strength. Some degree of osteopenia is common in lower birth weight preemies. The condition puts premature babies at risk for fractures.
Sometimes osteopenia is accompanied by rickets, a further weakening of the bones due to a lack of calcification (build-up of calcium to harden the bones). This can be caused by a lack of vitamin D in the baby’s system, an inability to metabolize vitamin D, or a lack of minerals such as calcium. In most cases the condition is not serious and will not develop into further problems as the child grows.
Osteopenia is treated with nutritional supplements, mostly vitamin D and minerals, to promote bone growth. Additionally, gentle movement also promotes growth.