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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)GGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)EnglishGastrointestinalChild (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years)Esophagus;StomachEsophagus;StomachConditions and diseasesCaregivers Adult (19+)NA2021-01-19T05:00:00Z9.6000000000000053.4000000000000838.000000000000Health (A-Z) - ConditionsHealth A-Z<p>GERD causes the backwards movement of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Learn how you can help your child manage GERD. </p><h2>What is gastroesophageal reflux? </h2> <p>"Reflux" means "backwards movement." The esophagus is the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach. So, gastroesophageal reflux is the backwards movement of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus.</p> <p>Burping and spitting up are common after a baby feeds. Most babies spit up to some degree without discomfort, and it usually fades by the first year. This is called gastroesophageal reflux (without "disease").</p> <p>In infants, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when there is poor weight gain or other bothersome symptoms, such as excessive crying, irritability or back arching.</p> <p>Older children and adolescents may also get GERD. Their symptoms are similar to those of adults and can include heartburn and regurgitation.<br></p><h2>Key points</h2> <ul> <li>Most infants experience some regurgitation after feeding. </li> <li>Most infants outgrow symptoms of GERD by the time they can eat solid foods. </li> <li>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when the irritable and painful symptoms are frequent and persistent or lead to poor weight gain.</li> <li>Complications can include bleeding in the esophagus or difficulty breathing.<br></li> </ul><h2>Signs and symptoms of GERD</h2> <p>In a baby, symptoms of GERD may include:</p> <ul> <li>effortless spitting up of food or feedings with discomfort</li> <li>coughing, when regurgitated food gets into the trachea (breathing tube)</li> <li>irritability during feeding; the baby will arch their back, twist their neck or pull away from feeding</li> <li>crying before or during feeding</li> <li>poor weight gain<br></li> </ul> <p>In older children, signs and symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>dental cavities, caused by stomach acid </li> <li>heartburn</li> <li>a sour taste in the mouth</li> <li>stomach and chest discomfort<br></li> </ul><h2>Causes of GERD</h2> <p>GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, which sits at the connection between the esophagus and the stomach, fails to properly close or relaxes incorrectly. This faulty valve allows food to travel all the way up the esophagus, causing "spit-up." When the food only travels partly up the esophagus, it may cause a burning sensation.</p><h2>How a doctor can help your child</h2> <p>Since vomiting and regurgitation are very common in babies in the first years of feeding, the doctor will need to determine whether the condition is simply GER (without 'D') or severe enough to warrant a GERD diagnosis and the relevant treatment. GERD is typically a clinical diagnosis. Sometimes tests are done to rule out conditions other than GERD that may have similar symptoms or complications to GERD.<br></p> <h2>Complications</h2> <p>Repeated exposure to stomach acid can lead to complications in some infants and children with GERD. These complications can include: </p> <ul> <li>poor weight gain or weight loss</li> <li>feeding aversion or refusal<br></li> <li>difficulty breathing or swallowing</li> <li>irritation of the esophagus (esophagitis)</li> </ul><h2>When to seek medical assistance</h2><p>Make an appointment with your child's doctor if your child:</p><ul><li>is failing to gain weight</li><li>is starting to refuse to feed or only feeds when sleeping</li><li>is crying or extra irritable during feedings or while spitting up (effortless and painless spitting up is usually not a problem if gaining weight)<br></li><li>coughs during or after feeds</li></ul><h2>Source<br></h2><p>Rosen, R., Vandenplas, Y., Singendonk, M., Cabana, M., DiLorenzo, C., Gottrand, F., . . . Tabbers, M. (2018, March). Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines ... <em>JPGN, 66</em>: 3. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.naspghan.org/files/Pediatric_Gastroesophageal_Reflux_Clinical.33.pdf">https://www.naspghan.org/files/Pediatric_Gastroesophageal_Reflux_Clinical.33.pdf</a></p>
Trouble du reflux gastro-œsophagienTTrouble du reflux gastro-œsophagienGastroesophageal reflux diseaseFrenchGastrointestinalChild (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years)Esophagus;StomachEsophagus;StomachConditions and diseasesCaregivers Adult (19+)NA2010-05-07T04:00:00Z9.0000000000000057.0000000000000820.000000000000Health (A-Z) - ConditionsHealth A-Z<p>Voici un aperçu facile à comprendre de ce que vous pouvez faire pour aider votre enfant s’il souffre du trouble qui cause un mouvement de reflux d’aliments et d’acide gastrique de l’estomac vers l’œsophage.</p><h2>Qu'est-ce que reflux gastro-oesophagien?</h2> <p>Le terme reflux signifie mouvement de recul. L’œsophage est le tube qui part de la bouche et qui mène vers l’estomac. Le reflux gastro-œsophagien se produit donc quand des aliments et de l’acide gastrique partent de l’estomac et se dirigent vers l’œsophage. </p> <p>Les rots et la régurgitation des aliments sont des phénomènes normaux quand les bébés s’alimentent. Les bébés crachent leurs aliments sans inconfort la plupart du temps, et cette habitude disparaît habituellement d’elle-même après la première ou la deuxième année de vie. C’est ce que l’on appelle le reflux gastro-œsophagien (sans le terme « trouble »)</p> <p>Le trouble du reflux gastro-œsophagien (TRGO) est présent si on relève des symptômes d’inconfort ou un faible gain de poids.</p> <p>Les enfants plus vieux et les adolescents peuvent aussi souffrir du TRGO. </p><h2>À retenir</h2> <ul><li>La plupart des bébés régurgitent dans une certaine mesure après leur boire.</li><li>Chez la plupart des enfants, les symptômes du TRGO disparaissent avant qu’ils n’atteignent l’âge où ils peuvent manger des aliments solides.</li><li>Le trouble du reflux gastro-œsophagien (TRGO) se produit quand les symptômes irritants et douloureux sont fréquents et persistants, ou s'ils mènent à un faible gain de poids.</li><li>Au nombre des complications, on compte des saignements dans l'œsophage ou une difficulté à respirer.</li></ul><h2>Signes et symptômes du TRGO</h2> <p>Chez un bébé, les symptômes du TRGO peuvent comprendre : </p> <ul> <li>la régurgitation sans effort et sans inconfort d’aliments ou de boires,</li> <li>une toux, quand les aliments régurgités se prennent dans la trachée (tube d’alimentation),</li> <li>irritabilité avant le boire; le bébé se cabrera le dos, tournera le cou ou s’éloignera de la source de lait,</li> <li>pleurs avant ou pendant le boire,</li> <li>faible gain de poids.</li></ul> <p>Chez les enfants plus vieux et les adolescents, les signes et symptômes peuvent comprendre </p> <ul> <li>caries dentaires, attribuables à l’acide gastrique,</li> <li>brûlements d’estomac,</li> <li>goût amer dans la bouche,</li> <li>inconfort à l’estomac et à la poitrine.</li></ul><h2>Causes du TRGO</h2> <p>Le TRGO survient quand le sphincter œsophagien inférieur, qui se trouve à la jonction entre l’œsophage et l’estomac, cesse de fermer correctement ou se détend de manière incorrecte. Cette valve défectueuse permet aux aliments de remonter jusqu’en haut de l’œsophage, ce qui cause un débordement. Quand les aliments ne parcourent qu’une partie de l’œsophage, cela peut causer une sensation de brûlure. </p><h2>Ce que le médecin peut faire pour votre enfant</h2> <p>Étant donné que les vomissements et la régurgitation sont très fréquents chez les bébés au cours des premières années de vie, le médecin devra déterminer si le phénomène est simplement un RGO (sans qu’il y ait un trouble), ou s’il est assez grave pour justifier un diagnostic de TRGO et le traitement connexe. Le médecin peut diagnostiquer le TRGO de nombreuses façons. </p> <h3>Gorgée barytée</h3> <p>Pour ce test, l’enfant doit boire du baryum, un liquide couleur craie qui montre le fonctionnement de l’œsophage, du sphincter et de l’estomac sur des rayons X. La circulation du liquide que montre le rayon X permet au médecin de déceler la présence de problèmes mécaniques. </p> <p>Cette dernière méthode n’est pas la meilleure pour diagnostiquer le TRGO. Si un nouveau-né n’a pas de reflux pendant le test, cela ne signifie pas nécessairement qu’il na pas de TRGO.</p> <h3>Sonde de pH</h3> <p>La sonde de pH consiste à insérer un mince fil associé d’une sonde acide dans la narine du bébé, qui se rend ensuite à l’œsophage, pour se déposer juste avant l’ouverture de l’estomac près du sphincter inférieur de l'œsophage. La sonde enregistre à quelle fréquence l'œsophage est exposé au reflux du contenu de l’estomac et combien de temps durent ces reflux. </p> <h3>Endoscopie</h3> <p>Rarement, le médecin voudra faire une exploration de l’œsophage et de l’estomac au moyen d’un endoscope pendant que votre enfant aura été endormi au moyen d’un anesthésique. Un endoscope est un petit instrument inséré par la bouche ou le nez qui permet aux médecins de voir les tissus au moyen d'une très petite caméra optique. Pendant l'intervention, les médecins pourraient aussi prélever une biopsie, soit un petit échantillon de la paroi de l'œsophage, pour déterminer la cause des symptômes. </p><h2>Complications</h2> <p>Une exposition répétée à l’acide gastrique peut mener à des complications chez certains bébés et enfants atteints du TRGO. Voici quelques complications : </p> <ul> <li>faible prise de poids ou perte de poids,</li> <li>saignements dans l’œsophage,</li> <li>difficulté à respirer ou à avaler,</li> <li>irritation de l’œsophage (œsophagite).</li></ul><h2>Quand consulter</h2> <p>Rencontrez le médecin de votre enfant si celui-ci :</p> <ul> <li>ne peut gagner de poids à cause de difficultés pendant les boires,</li> <li>pleure ou est très irritable pendant les boires ou pendant qu’il crache les aliments (la régurgitation sans effort et sans douleur n’est habituellement pas un problème si le bébé gagne du poids),</li> <li>tousse pendant ou après les boires.</li></ul>

 

 

 

 

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)817.000000000000Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)GEnglishGastrointestinalChild (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years)Esophagus;StomachEsophagus;StomachConditions and diseasesCaregivers Adult (19+)NA2021-01-19T05:00:00Z9.6000000000000053.4000000000000838.000000000000Health (A-Z) - ConditionsHealth A-Z<p>GERD causes the backwards movement of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Learn how you can help your child manage GERD. </p><h2>What is gastroesophageal reflux? </h2> <p>"Reflux" means "backwards movement." The esophagus is the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach. So, gastroesophageal reflux is the backwards movement of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus.</p> <p>Burping and spitting up are common after a baby feeds. Most babies spit up to some degree without discomfort, and it usually fades by the first year. This is called gastroesophageal reflux (without "disease").</p> <p>In infants, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when there is poor weight gain or other bothersome symptoms, such as excessive crying, irritability or back arching.</p> <p>Older children and adolescents may also get GERD. Their symptoms are similar to those of adults and can include heartburn and regurgitation.<br></p><h2>Key points</h2> <ul> <li>Most infants experience some regurgitation after feeding. </li> <li>Most infants outgrow symptoms of GERD by the time they can eat solid foods. </li> <li>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when the irritable and painful symptoms are frequent and persistent or lead to poor weight gain.</li> <li>Complications can include bleeding in the esophagus or difficulty breathing.<br></li> </ul><h2>Signs and symptoms of GERD</h2> <p>In a baby, symptoms of GERD may include:</p> <ul> <li>effortless spitting up of food or feedings with discomfort</li> <li>coughing, when regurgitated food gets into the trachea (breathing tube)</li> <li>irritability during feeding; the baby will arch their back, twist their neck or pull away from feeding</li> <li>crying before or during feeding</li> <li>poor weight gain<br></li> </ul> <p>In older children, signs and symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>dental cavities, caused by stomach acid </li> <li>heartburn</li> <li>a sour taste in the mouth</li> <li>stomach and chest discomfort<br></li> </ul><h2>Causes of GERD</h2> <p>GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, which sits at the connection between the esophagus and the stomach, fails to properly close or relaxes incorrectly. This faulty valve allows food to travel all the way up the esophagus, causing "spit-up." When the food only travels partly up the esophagus, it may cause a burning sensation.</p><h2>How a doctor can help your child</h2> <p>Since vomiting and regurgitation are very common in babies in the first years of feeding, the doctor will need to determine whether the condition is simply GER (without 'D') or severe enough to warrant a GERD diagnosis and the relevant treatment. GERD is typically a clinical diagnosis. Sometimes tests are done to rule out conditions other than GERD that may have similar symptoms or complications to GERD.<br></p> <h2>Complications</h2> <p>Repeated exposure to stomach acid can lead to complications in some infants and children with GERD. These complications can include: </p> <ul> <li>poor weight gain or weight loss</li> <li>feeding aversion or refusal<br></li> <li>difficulty breathing or swallowing</li> <li>irritation of the esophagus (esophagitis)</li> </ul><h2>What you can do to help your child with gastroesophageal reflux</h2><p>Most infants and children outgrow the symptoms of GERD, but some require treatment. There are few a steps you can take to help ease the symptoms at home.</p><h3>Adjust feeding volumes<br></h3><p>In infants, avoid overfeeding. The feed timing and volume can be adjusted (smaller feeds more often), but it is important that the total amount fed in a day stays the same.</p><h3>Raise head</h3><p>Hold your child in an upright position after feeding. Sitting slumped in a chair or swing can increase the pressure on the stomach and can cause more reflux. </p><p>It is uncertain if elevating an infant’s head during sleep improves the symptoms of GERD. Because of the importance of sleeping on the back on a flat surface, for prevention of <a href="/article?contentid=460&language=english">SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)</a>, experts do not recommend using positional therapy (head elevation, or lying on the side or tummy) to treat symptoms of GERD in sleeping infants.</p><p>Elevating the head or lying on the left side can be considered in older children.</p><h3>Thicken food</h3><p>Speak to your child's doctor about thickening your baby's formula with infant cereal. This has been shown to reduce the severity of regurgitation.<br></p><h3>Avoid certain foods</h3><p>Some infants with GERD have a sensitivity to cow’s milk protein. The symptoms for GERD and an allergy to cow’s milk protein are very similar. For formula-fed infants, after trying other interventions, speak to your child’s doctor about a trial of a special formula.</p><p>Older children should avoid certain foods that are more likely to worsen reflux. These foods include soda and pop, coffee, tomato-based products, citrus fruits, mint and spicy foods. Antacids can also relieve the indigestion or heartburn in older children. </p><h2>When to seek medical assistance</h2><p>Make an appointment with your child's doctor if your child:</p><ul><li>is failing to gain weight</li><li>is starting to refuse to feed or only feeds when sleeping</li><li>is crying or extra irritable during feedings or while spitting up (effortless and painless spitting up is usually not a problem if gaining weight)<br></li><li>coughs during or after feeds</li></ul><h2>Source<br></h2><p>Rosen, R., Vandenplas, Y., Singendonk, M., Cabana, M., DiLorenzo, C., Gottrand, F., . . . Tabbers, M. (2018, March). Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines ... <em>JPGN, 66</em>: 3. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.naspghan.org/files/Pediatric_Gastroesophageal_Reflux_Clinical.33.pdf">https://www.naspghan.org/files/Pediatric_Gastroesophageal_Reflux_Clinical.33.pdf</a></p><img alt="" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" />https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease.jpgGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)False

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