Parvovirus infection (fifth disease, erythema infectiosum)

What is Parvovirus B19?

Parvovirus B19 is a virus that causes fifth disease or erythema infectiosum. Fifth disease used to be known as "slapped cheek syndrome." This is because it causes a red rash on the cheeks. Parvovirus B19 can spread from person to person. It spreads through droplets in the air or on surfaces we touch.

Signs and symptoms of Parvovirus B19

• Fever, congestion, headache, diarrhea and other flu-like symptoms (these usually appear four to 14 days after the virus enters the body and can last up to three weeks).
  
• A rash that starts a few days afterwards. A blotchy rash typically starts on the cheeks, and a few days later a lacy rash can be seen on the trunk, arms and legs.
  
• The rash can be more well-defined after a warm bath (it can be itchy and last from seven to 21 days).
• Joint pain or swelling are less common but can occur when children develop the rash.

Parvovirus B19 spreads before the rash appears

Parvovirus B19 is typically spread from person to person when a person with the infection coughs or sneezes days or even a week before a rash appears. After the rash appears, a child is no longer contagious. Your child can attend school while they have the rash. 

How to help your child with Parvovirus B19

Children with fever or flu-like symptoms may not want to drink or eat. Offer your child fluids often to avoid dehydration. Treat fever with acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Because Parvovirus B19 is caused by a virus, antibiotics will not work. There is no effective cream or medication for the rash.

Children who are otherwise healthy usually get better after one to two weeks.

Complications

Parvovirus B19 can make children with immune system problems or blood disorders such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia sicker.

If a pregnant individual is infected, the virus can spread to the fetus, which can have severe effects on the fetus.

When to seek medical assistance

Call your child's health-care provider if:

• your child has a blood disorder or a weakened immune system and you are concerned they may have Parvovirus B19 or have been in contact with someone with Parvovirus B19
  

Call your health-care provider if:

• you are pregnant and have been in contact with someone with Parvovirus B19