Toddlers are full of emotions that they cannot yet regulate. Many express feelings of separation anxiety when a caregiver leaves. They thrive on routine and consistency, including limit-setting for dangerous or negative behaviour and praise for positive behaviour. Praise for achievements that reinforce their independence (such as helping clean up toys or dressing) goes a long way in developing their self-esteem.
Pre-school aged children begin to master the art of imagination. Imaginary play is an excellent way of fostering creativity. At this age, children also begin to consistently socialize, practice their emerging independence and empathy and exhibit self-confidence.
Milestones
1-to 2-year-olds
- Express affection towards others
- Express a wide range of emotions
- Feel secure with routine
- Have not yet mastered empathy
- Begin to play pretend
- Play alongside, rather than with, other children (parallel play)
- Express separation anxiety
3- to 4-year-olds
- Begin to learn how to socialize in productive ways
- Learn to share and take turns
- Interact with peers during play more consistently
- Can participate more consistently with dressing, handwashing and toileting
- Can participate in simple household chores
Tips for caregivers
- Self-regulation doesn’t happen overnight. However, children are very observant; so, leading by example will help with their progression. A caregiver’s own ability to self-regulate has a tremendous impact on their child.
- Teach and encourage your child to express their feelings.
- Praise your child when they continue to do things right, like picking up their toys, and always compliment them after a personal achievement.
- Establish clear family rules: for example, no hitting and no jumping on the furniture.
- Consistently use positive discipline strategies inside and outside the home.